John Ruskin (1819-1900) was an influential English art critic, writer, social thinker, and philanthropist of the Victorian era. He was a prominent advocate for the painter J.M.W. Turner and wrote extensively on art, architecture, nature, and political economy. His best-known works include "Modern Painters" and "The Stones of Venice". He criticized the effects of industrialization on society and the environment, and his ideas influenced the Arts and Crafts movement.