Juan Vilanova y Piera (Valencia, 1821 - Madrid, 1893) was a Spanish naturalist, geologist, and paleontologist. He was a professor of Geology and Paleontology at the Universidad Central de Madrid from 1852, director of the Museum of Natural Sciences, and a member of the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences. He was notable for promoting geological and paleontological studies in Spain and for works such as the "Geological Atlas of Spain".